(Those of you who are here for the music, please forgive all this academia. The next post will be about music, I promise!)
A friend of mine posted this in the comment section of my previous post, and it got me thinking:
Fear is in most situations driven by ignorance, but in this situation it’s an ignorance that is maintained by the West probably not wanting to know, but also in China’s institutionalized lack of transparency. [The article] raises a great point though, that things have come a far way from where they were. A friend of mine who just visited his relatives in rural China said that things were surprisingly well and that everybody was generally pretty happy. This conflicts pretty heavily with my notion of China, but I readily admit I’m a product of American media.
She makes a good point, and it got me thinking about how much of Western ignorance we can really blame on the Chinese government’s lack of transparency. If the issue we’re looking at here is purely why Americans (or Western people generally) are ignorant about China, then first we need to examine the things Americans don’t know about China and whether the availability of that information is affected at all by the Chinese government. So here are some things Americans are ignorant of, generally speaking, as based on my experience in the twenty-two years I lived in the States.
1) Chinese History: Without knowing at least some history, is it really possible to understand any country? Especially in the case of China, recent history shapes the way citizens view their country and their government. Chinese people, by and large, look at their system and compare it to the way things were in China twenty years ago, or earlier. After more than a century of bloody warfare, ruthless imperialism, disastrous economic management, and heartless ideological persecution of nearly everyone, the current system looks like heaven, even if it does have some downsides.
Americans by and large completely lack that historical context. But can we blame the Chinese government for it? Not really. There are thousands and thousands of English language books available on modern Chinese history, many of them very good. Just reading one book about the last hundred years of Chinese history would do wonders for understanding, but most Americans haven’t. (Many Americans have read a book or two about the mistakes the Communist Party made in the 1950s and 60s, but in my experience, they tend to imagine the China of today as more or less the same place, so it doesn’t help.)
2) Chinese Culture: There’s no way to understand a people without understanding their culture. Unfortunately, Chinese culture is probably one of the hardest to understand because it more or less spans 5,000 years of history and is extremely diverse. Because of this, most Americans tend to pick and choose which parts of it they know anything about, the result being that lots of Americans know the names of famous Kung Fu stars but couldn’t tell you anything about Confucianism.
Again, this isn’t really the government’s fault. Information on Chinese culture is readily available in the States in movies, books, and in the various “Chinatowns” that dot Americas major cities.
3) Chinese Popular Opinion: Everyone in the world knows that most Americans don’t approve of President Bush, and that the war in Iraq has faced bitter opposition both at home and abroad, but what do people know about how the Chinese people feel about their political system and their leaders? In general, very little.
To some extent, one could argue that the government restricts access to this information through censoring dissenting voices inside the country. There are, however, respectable polls that can give Americans a good idea how how the Chinese people feel about their political system. (Most recently, a Pew poll found that “strikingly large numbers of Chinese are happy with their nation’s overall direction, booming economy and how its government is handling important problems”). Alternatively, anyone interested enough to learn Chinese can go online and ask any of the hundreds of millions of Chinese internet users anything they want. Even non-Chinese speakers can get a glimpse from websites set up specifically for them, such as the recently-popular Anti-CNN’s English-language forum.
4) Public Opinion on Controversial Topics: Of course, what everyone in America really wants to talk about is what the Chinese think of controversial issues like, say, that thing that happened in a famous public square in 1989 (You know the one I mean).
Is their access to this information limited by the Chinese government’s lack of transparency? Partially. Certainly, the veracity of information provided by the Chinese government on those kinds of topics is questionable. Of course, there’s tons of conflicting information available outside China from various protest and human rights groups, but much of that is pretty biased, too. Really, the issue here is not a lack of information, but a lack of information that isn’t obviously biased either for or against China.
Talking to Chinese people about these topics can also prove difficult, and one might be inclined to assume that a Chinese person’s reticence to discuss them with foreigners reflects that they are either “ignorant” of the truth or “oppressed” and afraid of state retribution when the foreigner isn’t looking. Both of those things may be factors, but there is a third, and perhaps more powerful factor: the general perception that that sort of “dirty laundry” isn’t something one should discuss with outsiders.
Conclusion: Generally speaking, I think that most Americans have a lot to learn about China before they can rightfully claim that their ignorance is the fault of the government. On a more editorial note, it seems to me that those who really want to change things in China would do better to educate themselves about China before engaging in any pro- or anti-China protests. Read books, talk to Chinese people, learn Chinese (it’s not as hard as you think, start here). And remember that there are always two sides to a story, and the truth is generally somewhere in the middle.
And when all else fails, just ask me what I think, because I’m right, dammit.